Testing documentation
How to read and verify a peptide Certificate of Analysis
Check a peptide COA's sample, batch, methods and results, verify the original report, and understand what an unmatched report cannot establish.
Read guide ↗UNDERSTAND THE DOCUMENTATION
Research & testing guides
Practical explanations for evaluating research materials: what the report measures, what the evidence supports and which questions still need an answer.
Interpreting results
Peptide purity vs quantity: understanding content and underfill
Learn why HPLC purity and milligrams per vial are separate measurements, how net peptide content differs, and how FSD's underfill threshold works.
Read guide ↗Analytical methods
HPLC vs LC-MS for peptide testing: capabilities and limits
Understand chromatographic purity, mass-based identity and quantitative assays, including co-elution, detector response and LC-MS matrix effects.
Read guide ↗Sample scope
Batch traceability, sterility and endotoxins: separate questions
Check whether a report covers a vial or bulk batch, and understand why chemical purity, sterility and endotoxin results are distinct evidence.
Read guide ↗Storage evidence
Lyophilized peptide storage and shipping: what the evidence must show
Understand freeze-dried material, product-specific stability, storage records and shipping limitations without assuming an uninterrupted cold chain.
Read guide ↗Reading the literature
Research evidence glossary: from cell studies to finished-product claims
Read peptide research with clear distinctions between preclinical and clinical evidence, endpoints, ingredient studies and finished-product evidence.
Read guide ↗